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Source of: /manual/en/language.oop5.visibility.php

<?php
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?>
<div id="language.oop5.visibility" class="sect1">
  <h2 class="title">Visibility</h2>
  <p class="para">
   The visibility of a property or method can be defined by prefixing
   the declaration with the keywords <em class="emphasis">public</em>,
   <em class="emphasis">protected</em> or
   <em class="emphasis">private</em>. Class members declared public can be
   accessed everywhere. Members declared protected can be accessed
   only within the class itself and by inherited and parent
   classes. Members declared as private may only be accessed by the
   class that defines the member.
  </p>
  <div id="language.oop5.visibility-members" class="sect2">
   <h3 class="title">Property Visibility</h3>
   <p class="para">
    Class properties must be defined as public, private, or
    protected. If declared using <em class="emphasis">var</em> without an
    explicit visibility keyword, the property will be defined as
    public.
   </p>
   <p class="para">
    </p><div class="example">
     <p><b>Example #1 Property declaration</b></p>
     <div class="example-contents programlisting">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/**<br />&nbsp;*&nbsp;Define&nbsp;MyClass<br />&nbsp;*/<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;public&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$public&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Public'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;protected&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$protected&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Protected'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;private&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$private&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Private'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">printHello</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">public</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">protected</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">private</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">public</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Works<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">protected</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">private</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">printHello</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Shows&nbsp;Public,&nbsp;Protected&nbsp;and&nbsp;Private<br /><br /><br />/**<br />&nbsp;*&nbsp;Define&nbsp;MyClass2<br />&nbsp;*/<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass2&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">extends&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;We&nbsp;can&nbsp;redeclare&nbsp;the&nbsp;public&nbsp;and&nbsp;protected&nbsp;method,&nbsp;but&nbsp;not&nbsp;private<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">protected&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$protected&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Protected2'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">printHello</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">public</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">protected</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">private</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj2&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass2</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">public</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Works<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">private</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Undefined<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">protected</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$obj2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">printHello</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Shows&nbsp;Public,&nbsp;Protected2,&nbsp;Undefined<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>
</span>
</code></div>
     </div>

    </div><p>
   </p>
   <blockquote><p><b class="note">Note</b>:
    <span class="simpara">
     The PHP 4 method of declaring a variable with the
     <em class="emphasis">var</em> keyword is still supported for compatibility
     reasons (as a synonym for the public keyword). In PHP 5 before 5.1.3, its
     usage would generate an <b><tt class="constant">E_STRICT</tt></b> warning.
    </span>
   </p></blockquote>
  </div>
  <div id="language.oop5.visiblity-methods" class="sect2">
   <h3 class="title">Method Visibility</h3>
   <p class="para">
    Class methods may be defined as public, private, or
    protected. Methods declared without any explicit visibility
    keyword are defined as public.
   </p>
   <p class="para">
    </p><div class="example">
     <p><b>Example #2 Method Declaration</b></p>
     <div class="example-contents programlisting">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/**<br />&nbsp;*&nbsp;Define&nbsp;MyClass<br />&nbsp;*/<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Declare&nbsp;a&nbsp;public&nbsp;constructor<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">public&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">__construct</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{&nbsp;}<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Declare&nbsp;a&nbsp;public&nbsp;method<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">public&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{&nbsp;}<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Declare&nbsp;a&nbsp;protected&nbsp;method<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">protected&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProtected</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{&nbsp;}<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Declare&nbsp;a&nbsp;private&nbsp;method<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">private&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{&nbsp;}<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;public<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Foo</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProtected</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Works<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProtected</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Foo</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Public,&nbsp;Protected&nbsp;and&nbsp;Private&nbsp;work<br /><br /><br />/**<br />&nbsp;*&nbsp;Define&nbsp;MyClass2<br />&nbsp;*/<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass2&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">extends&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;public<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Foo2</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProtected</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Fatal&nbsp;Error<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass2&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyClass2</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Works<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myclass2</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Foo2</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Public&nbsp;and&nbsp;Protected&nbsp;work,&nbsp;not&nbsp;Private<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Bar&nbsp;<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;public&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">test</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;public&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Bar::testPublic\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;private&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Bar::testPrivate\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />}<br /><br />class&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Foo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">extends&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Bar&nbsp;<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;public&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPublic</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Foo::testPublic\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;private&nbsp;function&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">testPrivate</span><span style="color: #007700">()&nbsp;{<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Foo::testPrivate\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myFoo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">foo</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myFoo</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">test</span><span style="color: #007700">();&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #FF8000">//&nbsp;Bar::testPrivate&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;//&nbsp;Foo::testPublic<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>
</span>
</code></div>
     </div>

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   </p>
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